.Net programming Interviews Questions

The .NET Framework is a software development platform by Microsoft that provides a runtime environment (CLR) and a comprehensive library (BCL/FCL) for building and running Windows applications, including web, desktop, and service-oriented applications.

IL (Intermediate Language) is a low-level programming language used by the .NET Framework, into which .NET code is compiled. The CLR then converts IL into machine code at runtime.

The main components of the .NET Framework are:

1. Common Language Runtime (CLR): Executes .NET programs and provides services like memory management and security.
2. Base Class Library (BCL): Provides fundamental classes and types for building applications.
3. Framework Class Library (FCL): Extends BCL with additional classes for web, desktop, and data access.
4. ASP.NET: Framework for building web applications and services.
5. ADO.NET: Set of classes for data access and manipulation.
6. Windows Forms: GUI class library for desktop applications.
7. Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF): Framework for building rich desktop interfaces.
8. Windows Communication Foundation (WCF): Framework for building service-oriented applications.
9. Windows Workflow Foundation (WF): Framework for defining and executing workflows.

The new features added in .NET Framework 4.0 include:

1. Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR): Support for dynamic languages like Python and Ruby.
2. Enhanced Base Class Library (BCL): New types and methods, including enhancements to collections and numerics.
3. Parallel Extensions: Support for parallel programming with the Task Parallel Library (TPL) and Parallel LINQ (PLINQ).
4. Improved Code Contracts: Support for runtime checking of preconditions, postconditions, and invariants.
5. Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF): Simplified creation of extensible applications.
6. Enhanced CLR: Improved performance and garbage collection.
7. ASP.NET Enhancements: New features like Web Forms 4.0, better MVC support, and dynamic data.
8. WCF and WF Integration: Better integration between Windows Communication Foundation and Windows Workflow Foundation.

The Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF) is a library in .NET Framework that simplifies the creation of extensible applications by providing a way to discover and compose parts (such as plugins or components) at runtime

The classes introduced in the System.Numerics namespace are:

1. BigInteger
2. Complex
3. Vector
4. Vector<T>

Discuss the significance of the BCL and some of the common namespaces it includes.

Define code contracts and their purpose in .NET development.

Discuss the purpose of the GAC and how it is used.

Describe the role and functions of the CLR in the .NET Framework.

What makes code "managed" in the context of .NET?

Clarify the distinction between namespaces and assemblies in .NET

ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC are two different approaches to building web applications in the .NET Framework:

• ASP.NET Web Forms: Uses a drag-and-drop, event-driven model similar to Windows Forms. It is suited for developers familiar with WinForms and looking for rapid development.
• ASP.NET MVC: Follows the Model-View-Controller pattern, which separates application logic, UI, and user input. It provides greater control over HTML, supports Test-Driven Development (TDD), and is more suitable for complex, maintainable applications

Answer: ADO.NET is a set of classes in the .NET Framework that facilitates data access from relational databases. It supports:

• Connected data access: Using objects like SqlConnection, SqlCommand, and SqlDataReader to connect to and query databases.
• Disconnected data access: Using objects like DataSet and DataAdapter to fetch data, manipulate it in-memory, and update the database as needed