Process control involves the regulation of process variables (such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and concentration) to maintain desired output conditions in a chemical process .
An open-loop control system acts without feedback, whereas a closed-loop control system uses feedback from process outputs to adjust inputs and maintain desired performance.
The primary components include sensors (to measure process variables), controllers (to compare measured values with setpoints and calculate corrective actions), and actuators (to implement control actions).
A PID controller uses proportional, integral, and derivative terms to control a process. The proportional term reacts to current errors, the integral term accounts for past errors, and the derivative term predicts future errors.
Tuning adjusts the PID parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) to achieve desired control performance. Methods include trial and error, Ziegler-Nichols, and software-based tuning.
Sensors measure process variables such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate, providing the necessary data for monitoring and control. .
Process dynamics refers to how process variables change over time in response to inputs or disturbances, encompassing transient and steady-state behavior. .
Process stability ensures that the process returns to a desired state after disturbances, crucial for consistent and safe operation.
They help reduce environmental pollution by decomposing naturally through microbial activity.
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a system used for real-time monitoring and control of industrial processes, providing centralized data collection, visualization, and control capabilities.