XML Syntax

break down the XML syntax using an example:

Consider an XML document representing information about two books:

        <library>
        <book>
            <title>The Great Gatsby</title>
            <author>F. Scott Fitzgerald</author>
            <publisher>Charles Scribner's Sons</publisher>
            <year>1925</year>
        </book>
        <book>
            <title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
            <author>Harper Lee</author>
            <publisher>J.B. Lippincott &amp; Co.</publisher>
            <year>1960</year>
        </book>
    </library>
    
       

In this modified version, the angle brackets have been replaced with < for < and > for >, ensuring that the XML code is correctly displayed as text without being interpreted as markup. Additionally, the & symbol within the <publisher> tag has been replaced with & to properly escape it as an XML entity reference.

XML Documents Must have a root Elements

You're absolutely correct. Every XML document must have exactly one root element, which encapsulates all other elements in the document. The root element serves as the starting point for the XML hierarchy.

In the XML document you provided:

        <library>
        <book>
            <title>The Great Gatsby</title>
            <author>F. Scott Fitzgerald</author>
            <publisher>Charles Scribner's Sons</publisher>
            <year>1925</year>
        </book>
        <book>
            <title>To Kill a Mockingbird</title>
            <author>Harper Lee</author>
            <publisher>J.B. Lippincott &amp; Co.</publisher>
            <year>1960</year>
        </book>
    </library>
    
       

The <library> element is the root element because it contains all other elements (<book> elements) within it. This structure adheres to the rule that an XML document must have exactly one root element.