Let's dive into some of the advanced widgets in Tkinter: Menu, Toplevel,
PanedWindow, Scale, Spinbox, and ScrolledText.
We'll go step by step with examples for each.
The Menu widget is used to create menus in your application, including menubars,
dropdown menus, and context menus.
Example:
import tkinter as tk
def on_new():
print("New File")
def on_open():
print("Open File")
def on_exit():
root.quit()
# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Menu Example")
root.geometry("300x200")
# Create a menubar
menubar = tk.Menu(root)
# Create a File menu
file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
file_menu.add_command(text="New", command=on_new)
file_menu.add_command(text="Open", command=on_open)
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(text="Exit", command=on_exit)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
# Add the menubar to the root window
root.config(menu=menubar)
# Run the application
root.mainloop()
The Toplevel widget is used to create additional windows.
Example:
import tkinter as tk
def open_new_window():
new_window = tk.Toplevel(root)
new_window.title("New Window")
new_window.geometry("200x100")
label = tk.Label(new_window, text="This is a new window")
label.pack(pady=10)
# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Toplevel Example")
root.geometry("300x200")
# Create a Button widget
button = tk.Button(root, text="Open New Window", command=open_new_window)
button.pack(pady=20)
# Run the application
root.mainloop()
The PanedWindow widget is used to create a resizable split window.
Example:
import tkinter as tk
# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("PanedWindow Example")
root.geometry("300x200")
# Create a PanedWindow widget
paned_window = tk.PanedWindow(root, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL)
paned_window.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
# Create child widgets
left_label = tk.Label(paned_window, text="Left Pane", bg="lightblue")
right_label = tk.Label(paned_window, text="Right Pane", bg="lightgreen")
# Add child widgets to the PanedWindow
paned_window.add(left_label)
paned_window.add(right_label)
# Run the application
root.mainloop()
The Scale widget is used to create a slider for selecting a numerical value.
Example:
import tkinter as tk
def on_scale_change(value):
label.config(text=f"Value: {value}")
# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Scale Example")
root.geometry("300x200")
# Create a Scale widget
scale = tk.Scale(root, from_=0, to=100, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, command=on_scale_change)
scale.pack(pady=20)
# Create a Label widget
label = tk.Label(root, text="Value: 0")
label.pack(pady=10)
# Run the application
root.mainloop()
The Spinbox widget is used to select from a fixed set of values.
Example:
import tkinter as tk
def on_spinbox_change():
label.config(text=f"Value: {spinbox.get()}")
# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Spinbox Example")
root.geometry("300x200")
# Create a Spinbox widget
spinbox = tk.Spinbox(root, from_=0, to=10, command=on_spinbox_change)
spinbox.pack(pady=20)
# Create a Label widget
label = tk.Label(root, text="Value: 0")
label.pack(pady=10)
# Run the application
root.mainloop()
The ScrolledText widget is used to create a text widget with a scrollbar. (Requires the
tkinter.scrolledtext module)
Example:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import scrolledtext
# Create the main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("ScrolledText Example")
root.geometry("300x200")
# Create a ScrolledText widget
scrolled_text = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(root, width=30, height=10)
scrolled_text.pack(pady=20)
# Insert some text
scrolled_text.insert(tk.END, "This is a ScrolledText widget.\nYou can add multiple lines of text here.")
# Run the application
root.mainloop()
These advanced widgets offer more functionality and control over your Tkinter applications: